European History Figures Events

The Issue Of Violence Against Women - 1776 Words

Violence against women includes many kinds of harmful physical, emotional, and sexual behaviors against women and girls that are most often displayed by a family member, or at times by strangers. Violence against women is a growing worldwide issue yet it’s still a hidden problem. Most of us have a hard time imagining the concept of violence against women. The freedom from threat of harassment, battering, and sexual assault is hard to grips. Violence is a deep part of our culture and our everyday lives. The problem of violence against women rages all over the world and is a crisis in almost all societies. In the past, this problem was called domestic violence but has recently changed to violence against women. The term domestic violence does not demonstrate that almost all cases of domestic abuse are men injuring women. How important is the issue of violence against women to the citizen of American? Many people simply do acknowledge the impact and importance that it has on the female population in the United States. Although there are many other important concerns to focus on, this issue is often overlooked and pushed to the side. Picking this topic was important to me, because I dealt with domestic abuse for many years from a former partner. Before experiencing such a difficult hardship I didn’t have much knowledge on this topic. Most women don’t believe they could be ever be a victim of domestic abuse. According to www.feminsit.com Battering is the leading cause ofShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Violence Against Women2506 Words   |  11 PagesLawson speaking out about the criminal abuse inflicted onto women within their own homes. Sadly, over one hundred years on, violence perpetuated onto women unfortunately continues to exist; causing for women and children in our advanced society to continue living in fear within their own homes. For some, this violence may ultimately lead to their death. There are numerous factors and reasons as to why violence against women is still an issue in modern society; more specifically, within Australia. IncludingRead MoreThe Issue Of Domestic Violence Against Women1497 Words   |  6 PagesOver the last 50 years the world has made huge strides against the issue of domestic violence against women. While this may seem like a great moral victory for us as a society we have a long way to go before the issue is under control. The very image of a man striking a woman immediately strikes a chord with most of us, causing great discomfort. If we switch the roles however the same proverbial chord lies there dormant. In fact when a man is struck in a movie by a woman it is often displayedRead MoreDomestic Violence Against Women : A Global Issue1564 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic violence against women is a global issue that is happening all across national boundaries as well as socio-economic, cultural, race, and class distinctions. It is a prob lem without frontiers. Not only is the problem happening all across the world, but it’s incident is also large, making it a typical and accepted behavior because it happens a lot. Domestic violence is not an individual event but a repeated behavior that the batter uses to gain control and power over the victim. Domestic violenceRead MoreViolence Against Women-an Issue of Human Rights2605 Words   |  11 PagesPAPER ON VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN-AN ISSUE OF HUMAN RIGHTS By Ms Shabana Kesar Asst. Professor Department of Women Education Maulana Azad National Urdu University Mailing address : Department of women education, MANUU, Gachchibowli, Hyderabad, 500032. E-mail ID: - sabasuri@gmail.com Paper- Violence against women[VAW]-An issue of Human Rights Synopsis:- ïÆ'Ëœ Introduction ïÆ'Ëœ issue of human rights ïÆ'Ëœ VAW a health social issue ïÆ'Ëœ Dimensions causes of violence ïÆ'Ëœ VAW a global Indian scenario ïÆ'Ëœ FailureRead MoreAn Urgent Issue in Our Society - Violence Against Women 1042 Words   |  5 PagesThe concept of violence might only represent a negative image. It refers to a set of radical human behaviors, for example, perpetrator would use physical force to hurt or kill people on purpose. Besides, the typology of violence in World Health Organization (WHO) has an explicit structure, which comprise physical, psychological, and sexual to families, partners, friends or strangers (). However, in this essay I shall focus on critically analyzing Farkhanda Younis’ story, which could reflect howRead MoreViolence Against Women Is A Women’S Health Issue Stemming1465 Words   |  6 PagesViolence against women is a women’s health issue stemming from the cultural acceptance of the power dynamic between men and women. Specifically, men are socialized to be more powerful, commanding and assert themselves in the public sphere. While females are socialized to be m ore docile, reserved, obedient and to consume as little space as possible – both physically and figuratively. This mindset is something that adversely affects the health of women, taking away her autonomy, and subverting herRead MoreIssue Relating to Violence Abuse Against Women and Children within Family918 Words   |  4 PagesIssue relating to violence abuse against women and children within family The issue that I am exploring As increasing number of women are gaining more rights globally as well as their economic power. However, domestic violence, especially violence against both women and children from associated partner remaining a broad issue that need to be addressed. Public health studies indicated that a large number of people have the experience of witnessing varies degree of violence within the family. I believeRead MoreAboriginal Women in Canada Essays1375 Words   |  6 PagesThe issue of violence against Aboriginal women is my chosen subtopic that strongly contributes to the history of Aboriginal women’s struggle for rights and identity in Canada. To search relevant newspaper articles for this topic, the databases that were used were Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, as well as Canadian Newsstand Major Dailies. The reason these two databases were chosen was because Canadian Newsstand offered articles from multiple newspapers in the country, therefore providing me with diverseRead MoreGende red Violence And The White Ribbon Campaign1213 Words   |  5 Pageslargest issues in today’s society is gendered violence. Gendered violence is violence that occurs because of the role expectations associated with each gender, as well as the unequal power relationships between the genders (Defining Gender-Based Violence). The more common form of this is violence against women. One campaign that is working diligently to try and eliminate this problem is the White Ribbon Campaign. The White Ribbon Campaign is a movement of boys and men working to end violence againstRead MoreWomen s False Assumptions About Women And Society1706 Words   |  7 Pageshave an abundance of rape and violence against women in this country and on this Earth, though it s almost never treated as a civil rights or human rights issue, or a crisis, or even a pattern. Violence doesn t have a race, a class, a religion, or a nationality, but it does have a gender.† That was said by Rebecca Solnit, au thor of Men Explain Things To Me, a book regarding men’s false assumptions about women and society. Sexual violence against women is an ongoing issue facing multiple different countries

Cholecyctokinin and panic disorder Essay Example For Students

Cholecyctokinin and panic disorder Essay Cholecyctokinin is a neuropeptide found in the gastrointestinal system and brain. Research has shown that it has various isolated fragments that may influence several important areas of human behavior, such as nociception, satiety and anxiety. Cholecystokinin receptors located in the central nervous system (CNS) are known as CCK-B receptors, and they have high affinity for the tetrapeptide fragment CCK-4. Anxiogenic effect of CKK-4 in humans suggested that it might be involved in pathogenesis of panic disorder, and opened new avenues of research into biological aspects of anxiety. Further research showed increased sensitivity of panic disorder patients to CCK-4 in comparison with normal volunteers. Next, substances capable of blocking CCK-B receptors (CCK-B antagonists) were synthesized and their action was evaluated. One of such antagonists, L-365,260 proved to be effective in blocking CCK-4 induced panic attacks in panic disorder sufferers. However, a pilot study failed to show the effectiveness of the same antagonist in decreasing the frequency of spontaneous panic attacks in panic disorder patients during the course of six weeks. Though CCK-B antagonists may prove to become great potential anxiolitic agents, more research has to be done in order to understand the mechanism of CCK-4 action as a neurotransmitter and its role in naturally occurring panic attacksEthiology of panic disorder: a brief overviewPanic disorder, (PD) is a recognized psychiatric condition and is identified in DSM-III-R as a condition separate from other anxiety disorders. Its main feature is occurrence of unprovoked panic attacks, which happen at random and cannot be explained by the patients. These attacks of fear are closely associated with an overwhelming subjective feeling of anxiety in connection with unpleasant bodily sensations, such as increased heartbeat/palpitations, hot flushes/chills, abdominal distress, nausea, sweating, trembling/shaking, etc. Along with objectively groun dless emotional symptoms, e.g. fear of losing control, sense of unreality and detachment, even fear of dying they affect PD sufferers, interfering with social and professional aspects oftheir lives. Some PD patients associate panic attacks with certain objects or situations, and therefore phobias, especially agoraphobia , are closely associated with the PD. The ethiology of PD is not clear, and most theories support either a psychological or a neurobiological view. The most developed psychological explanation is cognitive theory of PD. According to Clarks model, the panic attack develops as a result of misinterpretation of unpleasant bodily sensations,which leads to increasing feeling of anxiety and progresses to a fully developed panic. This misinterpretation is defined as anxiety sensitivity, and it present in PD patients. When challenged by panicogenic pharmacological agents, anxiety sensitivity causes a faster and stronger response in PD sufferers than in healthy individuals.2 B iological theories concentrate on implicating pathological disturbances in the neurotransmitter systems, including GABA, serotonin (5HT) and noradrenaline. Recently attention was given to a less known neuropeptide cholecystokinin (CCK). Though it was first discovered in the gastrointestinal tract (it is secreted by the small intestine and stimulates gall bladder contractions), its abundant presence in the mammalian brain indicated on its possible functions as a behavior-regulating neurotransmitter. Various electrophysiological data and animal studies linked CCK to anxiety regulation. For example, its excitatory role on pyramidal neurons of hippocampal area was first observed in rats after electrophoretic administration of CCK, and increased density of CCK-B receptors was detected in rats with low exploratory activity and with novelty-avoidance behavior.7 The later, also known as novelty stress sensitivity, is often observed in panic disorder patients.. Anxiogenic properties of CCK w ere demonstrated in various animal models of anxiety, and results of only one of these studies suggested anxiolytic rather than anxiogenic properties of CCK.7 The first human study which demonstrated CCK anxiogenic properties was conducted by De Montigny in 1989. The study did not include a control group and all participants were healthy volunteers. Upon injection of various doles of CCK (20-100 mg) 70% of participants developed panic attack symptoms.7 This discovery was confirmed a year later by Bradwejn and colleagues, who have contributed heavily to the research on the role of CCK as panicogenic agent. In 1991 they confirmed De Montignys observation with the use of a double-blind experimental design.7 Unlike de Montigny, Bradwejns study included no healthy volunteers, but rather panic disorder patients, who were randomly subjected to injections of either .ufc605166400bccbd8bf9a487c192e73b , .ufc605166400bccbd8bf9a487c192e73b .postImageUrl , .ufc605166400bccbd8bf9a487c192e73b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufc605166400bccbd8bf9a487c192e73b , .ufc605166400bccbd8bf9a487c192e73b:hover , .ufc605166400bccbd8bf9a487c192e73b:visited , .ufc605166400bccbd8bf9a487c192e73b:active { border:0!important; } .ufc605166400bccbd8bf9a487c192e73b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufc605166400bccbd8bf9a487c192e73b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufc605166400bccbd8bf9a487c192e73b:active , .ufc605166400bccbd8bf9a487c192e73b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufc605166400bccbd8bf9a487c192e73b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufc605166400bccbd8bf9a487c192e73b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufc605166400bccbd8bf9a487c192e73b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufc605166400bccbd8bf9a487c192e73b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufc605166400bccbd8bf9a487c192e73b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufc605166400bccbd8bf9a487c192e73b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufc605166400bccbd8bf9a487c192e73b .ufc605166400bccbd8bf9a487c192e73b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufc605166400bccbd8bf9a487c192e73b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Detailed Lesson Plan in Science Iii(Parts of the Ears Essay

Teacher Merit Pay

The students’ high academic achievements are usually considered as the best results of the good teachers’ performance. However, is it possible to speak about the direct connection between the processes when the teacher’s work is stimulated with the help of money? This principle was discussed as the major one while implementing the new system of merit pay for teachers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Teacher Merit Pay specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Today, the merit pay program which is provided with basing on the activities of the federal Teacher Incentive Fund (TIF) and the United States Department of Education (USDOE) is one of the most controversial aspects of the educational reform in the United States because of the fact there are no strict evidences which could support the hypothesis that merit pay programs can stimulate the improvement of the teachers’ performance, and this sit uation can lead to the higher students’ results in their studying process (â€Å"Teacher Merit Pay†). Although the teacher’s professionalism and perfect performance are associated with the students’ academic achievements, the United States should not implement merit pay programs for teachers without changing the basics of the educational system because according to the findings of recent researches, there are no direct connections between the students’ performance and teachers’ merit pays due to a range of the other significant factors. The implementation of the merit pay program in the United States cannot be discussed as the guaranty of increasing the students’ performance at school. In spite of the fact the financial compensations and merits can be considered as a kind of stimulation and the reason for increasing the level of the teachers’ motivation, the first results of implementing the practice in the country’ scho ols accentuate the fact that the program does not work. Nancy Protheroe states that â€Å"a primary reason for including a pay for performance component in a teacher compensation system is the belief that it will positively impact student learning† (Protheroe 30). However, Protheroe continues that the positive results of the program’s implementation are too limited to be discussed as the influential ones (Protheroe). The attempts to improve the quality of teaching with the help of merit pay systems should be realized with references to a lot of the other factors which influence the teachers’ performance every day because the changes in the teachers’ approaches can not address the peculiarities of this or that concrete situation in class. The problem is also in the fact that stating that the students’ performance significantly depends on the teachers’ high level of motivation and their approach to the work, those policymakers who develop the new program accentuate one factor with paying no attention to the students’ level of motivation.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, relying on the possibility that the compensation for teachers can influence the students’ academic achievements, it is necessary to concentrate on many other aspects of the teaching and studying processes. Analyzing the question of the absence of the program’s positive results, the researchers who specialize in the progress of the educational reform state that â€Å"perhaps merit pay does not contribute to student achievement† (â€Å"Teacher Merit Pay† 3). The limited positive effects of implementing the system are predominantly based on the impossibility to change the whole educational system with the help of providing only one innovation because of the system’s complex character. Merit pay systems are effecti ve for the other professions, but their implementation in the educational sphere requires the further research and more deep alternations (Protheroe; Ramirez). Thus, merit pay programs can be implemented in the United States with their depending on the additional reforms in the other fields of the educational system. The financial compensation for a teacher is a good motivator when it is related to a number of the other points. Moreover, Al Ramirez indicates that â€Å"merit pay misses the boat entirely – because good teaching is not about money† (Ramirez 57). The results of the mentioned investigations and the researchers’ conclusions are similar in relation to the idea that the first effects of implementing the merit pay program in the United States are not satisfactory, and they are associated with a lot of aspects as the problem of measurement, the issue of changing the teaching strategies, the question of the appropriate financial support, and the variety o f factors which are beyond the teachers’ control. In spite of the fact the researchers determined definite factors from the limitedness of the first attempts of the program’s implementation to the moral aspects of the question, the conclusions are the same and can be formulated the following way: the program does not work, but it can be examined during the further researches, and then it can be effectively improved. Merit pay programs can be implemented in the United States with changing the priorities and principles of the system because it is rather difficult to find the direct connection between the teachers’ compensations and the high level of the students’ performance. The students’ academic achievements depend on a lot of factors, and the teachers’ motivation and performance are also based on the range of components the proper examination of which can help to provide the well-developed merit pay system because now teachers are not read y to change their approaches to teaching under the impact of the merit.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Teacher Merit Pay specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Works Cited Protheroe, Nancy. â€Å"Performance Pay for Teachers†. Principal 90.4 (2011): 28-34. Print. Ramirez, Al. â€Å"Merit Pay Misfires†. Educational Leadership 68.4 (2011): 55-58. Print. â€Å"Teacher Merit Pay: What Do We Know?† The Progress of Education Reform 11.3 (2010): 1-4. Print. This essay on Teacher Merit Pay was written and submitted by user Eva Ross to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Hypocricy In The Crucible Essays - English-language Films

Hypocricy in The Crucible Annonymous Physical and emotional pain is what the tattered solider illustrates in the book. The tattered solider pain comes from all of the horrible things associated with war. Him going crazy brings emotional pain and the physical pain is brought on by the endu rances of war. There was a tattered man, fouled with dust, blood and powder stain from hair to shoes, who trudged quietly at the youths side. The tattered solider also characterizes the toughness people can endear. Even through the harshness of war p eople will find something inside of them, overcome it and not let it bother them. The tattered solider goes out and lives through the tough endurance's of war but he finds something inside of him to live through it. The perfect solider is what Jim Conklin brings to the book. Jim never complains about war and fights as good as the next man. Many of the people look up to Jim because he is so strong willed. The regiments almost look up to Jim in a spiritual way find ing peace inside of them when they think of him. It is a tragedy when Jim dies because of all of the moral inspiration he gave the regiment. True to his character Jim dies a quiet and peaceful death not distributing any of the regiment. Wilson represents the two sides of human nature. In the beginning of the book Wilson is a mean tough guy that no one liked. This outward act of being tuff is just a cover of the true nature of Wilson. It is natural for people to cover their true natur e in front of new faces. Towards the end of the book Wilson starts to care about Henry. hen Henry is injured and he doesn't try and fight the other men anymore. True to human nature once times start getting more difficult and Wilson becomes more comforta ble with his surroundings he transcends into the calm compassionate person he really is. All of the characters in the Red Badge of Courage represent some aspect of man either physically or emotionally. This connection between the characters and the reader make the book true to life and more believable. Since the characters feel so real, phy sically and emotionally, the reader has an easier time relating to them.

CO2 essays

CO2 essays It would be very interesting to see whether CO2 can be detected in the everyday air that we breathe. If it can be detected, then what does that say about its effects on the individuals who are breathing that same air on a regular and consistent basis? A discovery like this could lead to such questions as; will the long-term effects of the detected CO2 in the air be a major cause of disease or illness on the nearby population, and if it is, what type of measures can be taken to alleviate this potential threat. The first event that should take place upon such a discovery is to determine the source of the CO2 and then determine what needs to happen in order to clean up the air. Some of the measures that could be taken consist of attempts to clean up the air by raising the standards on levels of CO2 dispensed into the air by the sources. In this case however, the suspected CO2 was not detected as the choice of outside air turned the balloon blue which showed there was no CO2 contained therein. This is actually a good thing because it shows that many of the standards implemented in the past constraining the various sources of pollution have been quite effective. A study was conducted to compare the various levels of CO2 in different samples including; outside air (YC), wine bottle (WB), car exhaust (CA), room air (RA) and human breath (HB). In effect, what was being sought was a determination of not only the levels of CO2, but how those levels were created or came to pass, and if such levels would be dangerous to those who came in contact with them, or if they would only have a benign affect on anyone coming in contact with them. The methodology of the experiment was conducted by collecting the samples and then exposing those samples (one at a time) to a limited amount of Bromothymol Blue (BTB) contained in a balloon in which the samples were also placed. Depending on the amount of acids present in the var...

America 1945 1960 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

America 1945 1960 - Essay Example It was a time of victorious jubilation for everyone, except those who came back â€Å"home† to segregation and discrimination. The returning African American soldier returned home to find that his most dreaded unwanted guest â€Å"Jim Crow†, had not packed up and moved to other shores. With the non-extinguishing of Jim Crow, they were still mandated to separate facilities for travel, lodging, eating, and drinking, schooling, worship, housing, and in all other aspects of social and economic life .Moreover, though they had fought and many died, the armed forces was not anymore accommodating of the African American civil rights, as was society-at-large. African American veterans returning to the south after military service in World War II were often unwilling to be subjected to the humiliation and degradation of segregation and discrimination in the land which they served to shed their blood. Some white, especially in the south, felt that these veterans needed to be terro rized into submission, whether they were wore the nation’s uniform or not.

Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 13

Interview - Essay Example terview was hugely successful and general conclusions were drawn from the responces.The major talking point was that even though most interviewees honestly admitted to regularly using cell phones on the road, they indeed concurred that such behavior was one of the major causes of road accidents. The general agreement was the mental alertness and concentration of a driver who is talking on the phone and at the same time driving is hugely impaired. This poses a major threat to other road users like pedestrians. Consequently, a lot of traffic related deaths and injuries, most of which are completely avoidable have resulted due to these irresponsible drivers. About 85% of the drivers interviewed stated that these gadgets affected their ability to control the vehicle effectively. Another 45% of pedestrians admitted of instances where they were almost been killed by vehicles being driven by drivers who were distracted by these phones. From the responses I received, it was quite evident that they indeed agreed that cell phone distraction among road. Both drivers and pedestrians were in favor of rules and regulation being formulated to govern the use of cell phones on the road. Commitment by the concerned bodies to enforce these rules and regulations was also cited as a major measure to ensure that these rules and regulations are completely followed. The data collected is pertinent to traffic related bodies like the traffic patrol department.. The legislative bodies concerned with traffic issues can also use this data as a primary raw material for rules formulation. These bodies can use this data to come up with effective measures to curb this menace of unnecessary deaths resulting from cell phone use on the

Price elasticity of demand Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Price elasticity of demand - Essay Example The resulting coefficient for such is greater than 1 (Ed > 1). In addition, the result of a decrease in the price of the good is also an increase in its total revenue, otherwise, a decrease in its total revenue. ("Price Elasticity") Therefore, an increase in the prices of apples in the market will give a corresponding decrease in the total revenue of the good. This only means that if the price of apples is increased, consumers may decide not to buy the good any longer. However, if the price of apples decreases, people will tend to buy more apples. It is also possible that the consumer will just try to find an alternative fruit instead that is cheaper than apples. On the other hand, if the change in quantity demanded of the product along with its price is less than 1 (Ed < 1), the product is said to be inelastic. In this condition, the percentage change in quantity demanded is less than the percentage change in price. Unlike the elastic good, inelasticity means that a decrease in price will result in a decrease in total revenue and vice versa. ("Price Elasticity") Inelastic products are basically the products that belong to the basic needs of man. One example of an inelastic product would be the salt wherein even a large increase in its price, the demand would remain the same therefore there will be a relative increase in its total revenue.

Central Asias Water Resources: Country Comparison

Central Asias Water Resources: Country Comparison Chapter 3 Population of Central Asia: Central Asia is the land of many languages, ethnic groups, religions, and tribes. In 2000, an estimated 55.9 million people lived in Central Asia. Today there are about 65.7 million (ICG, 2014). The below table show the population of Central Asia from 1992 to 2013 Total population of Central Asia (1000 inhab) Source: FAO The table shows the population of central Asian countries from 1992 to 2013. According to this table in 1992 the population of Kazakhstan is 16070, which start decreasing from that year. In 1997, the population of Kazakhstan decreased to 15086 and in 2002 it decreased to the level of 146623. This trends show that after independence from former Soviet Union, the population of Kazakhstan start declining; this is due to the migration of Russian and other Soviet Union member’s countries ethnic people from Kazakhstan. This factor is and push factor for growing population. But after the year 2002, it start growing, in 2007, it became 15396, 16271 in 2012 and 16441 in 2013. Kazakhstan is the 9th largest country in the world[1], its density of population is very low and lowest among Central Asian republics. Kyrgyzstan is a mountainous country, but, the population of Kyrgyzstan grows at a fast rate. In 1992, the population of Kyrgyzstan is 4476, in 2007 it crossed the 5 million mark an d in 2012 it became over 5.5 million and grows day by day. This put number of impact on the development of the country, availability of natural resources, water recourses and it became difficult for government to providing basic amenities to the people. Tajikistan is the smallest country from all five republics of central Asia. It is also one of the poorest republics in the world. Tajikistan caught in civil war just after the independence, in this civil war in five years over 50,000 killed and over 10% population of the country runaway to neighboring countries.[2] But beside all of this the population of Tajikistan is grow at a very rapid rate. In 1992, the population of Tajikistan is 5523 which became 6204 in 2002 and crossed 7 million marks in 2007 and 8 million mark in 2012. In 2013, the population of Tajikistan became 8208 and the population in Tajikistan grows very fast in all central Asian republics. Turkmenistan is a very low density country; due to most of the area of the co untry is desert. So, population in Turkmenistan is very low. In 1992, the population of Turkmenistan is 3882, which became 4600 in 2002 and crossed 5 million marks in 2012. In 2013, it became 5240. Total Renewal water resource per capita (actual) (m3/inhab/yr) Source: FAO The above table shows that total water resources per capita (actual) in all central Asian countries decreasing year by year. In Kazakhstan per capita water resources that was 7351 m3 in 2002, decreased to 6607 m3 in 2012 and 6539 m3 in 2014. In Kyrgyzstan the renewal water resources per capita are decreased from 5277 m3 in 1992 to 4721 m3 in 2002, 4315 m3 in 2012 and 4257 m3 in the year of 2014.In Tajikistan, also the trends of declining of water per capita. In 1992 the per capita renewal water recourses availability was 3967 m3 that was declining to 2669 m3 in 2014. In the Turkmenistan the same trend of decreasing renewal water per capita continues. In 1992, the availability of renewal water resources per capita is 6381 m3 that was decline to 4727 m3 in 2014. When we talk about Uzbekistan the situation is worst. Over half of population of whole central Asian region is lived in Uzbekistan and also increased rapidly. So, the situation becomes critical day by day. The availability of p er capita renewal water resources, that was 2269 m3 in 1992 declined to 1832 m3 in 2007 and 1689 m3 in 2014. Water withdrawal by sectors: -The water withdrawals means withdrawn of the gross quantity of water by different sectors annually for given proposes (FAO, 2012). There are three sectors of water withdrawal these sectors are: agriculture, municipalities, and industry. In the agriculture sector included irrigation, aquaculture, watering and livestock cleaning, the municipalities sector included use of water in houses, villages, towns and cities by population for their domestic proposes. The industrial sector includes the water used in thermal plants for cooling, for dying in leather industry etc. the data related to water withdrawal is taken from the national statics of the countries for most countries, but there is uncertainty in methods that are used for obtaining data (FAO, 2005). Water withdrawal by sectors in Kazakhstan Source: FAO The above table shows that the withdrawal by sector in Kazakhstan changed rapidly from agriculture sector to other sector like industrial and municipal. In 1995, agriculture sector withdrawal over 80% of the country. But in 2002, the situation is changed, the share of water withdrawal by agriculture sector decline from 81% to 75% and the share of industrial sector increased from 1.73% to 4.21%. The share of Municipal sector also changed from 16.86 to 20.66 in 2002. In 2007, the share of agriculture again decline, but industrial sector’s share remains shame as 2002. The big change comes in share of municipal sector, which’s share is increased very rapidly after 2002. Its share is increased from 20.66% in 2002 to 28.18% in 2007 and 29.63% in 2010. These trends will continue in country because of high growth in urbanization and industrial sector. Water withdrawal by sectors (in Percentage) in Kyrgyzstan Source: FAO When we see the table of water withdrawal by sector in Kyrgyzstan then we find out that there is very little changes in water withdrawal by sector. The share of agriculture is biggest from all the sectors in 1994, that was over 94% in 1994 and only 1% declined in its share in 2006. The other two sector’s share is almost 3% each 1994 that remained 3% also in 2006. Water withdrawal by sectors (in Percentage) in Tajikistan Source: FAO The water withdrawal in Tajikistan is similar with Kyrgyzstan. Agriculture is the main sector, withdrawal over 90% water of the country. There are many reasons for this because agriculture is the main sector of the economy of the country and biggest employment provider to the people, and industrial sector is not developed in the country because of mineral recourses and energy recourses and due to the increase in population and urbanization the share of municipal sector is increased very at a very slow rate. Water withdrawal by sectors (in Percentage) in Turkmenistan Source: FAO In Turkmenistan agriculture is the main stay of the employment of the people and also the biggest water withdrawal sector. Its share in 1994 is over 97% in total water withdrawal by the all the sectors of the country, that changed very slowly from other sector like industrial sector and municipal sector. The share of industrial sector was almost half percent in 1994, that increased 1.08% in 2000 and almost two and half percent in 2004 and increased year by year but at a very slow rate. The share of municipal sector increased but at a very slow rate. Water withdrawal by sectors (in Percentage) in Uzbekistan Source: FAO In Uzbekistan the agriculture sector remains the biggest water consumer from the Soviet time. It is also one of the biggest cotton producers in the world and cotton crop is the biggest water consumer of the country. Agriculture is the main stay of the people of the country. In 1994, agriculture sector withdrawal over 93% of the total water withdrawal by the country. The industrial sector withdrawal almost 2% and municipal sector 4% of water in the year 1994. In 2001, the agriculture sector withdrawal 90% , industrial sector almost 4% and municipal sector withdrawal almost five and half percent of water. In these years, the share of agriculture is decline and the share of others sector increased. In 2005, the share of agriculture sector remains same but the share of industrial sector declined almost 1%. On the other hand the share of municipal sector increased from five and half to over 7%. This is due to the increase in population and urbanization. Total Renewal water resource per capita (actual) (m3/inhab/yr) Source: FAO The above table shows that total water resources per capita (actual) in all central Asian countries decreasing year by year. In Kazakhstan per capita water resources that was 7351 m3 in 2002, decreased to 6607 m3 in 2012 and 6539 m3 in 2014. In Kyrgyzstan the renewal water resources per capita are decreased from 5277m3 in 1992 to 4721m3 in 2002, 4315 m3 in 2012 and 4257 in the year of 2014.In Tajikistan, also the trends of declining of water per capita. In 1992 the per capita renewal water recourses availability was 3967m3 that was declining to 2669 m3 in 2014. In the Turkmenistan the same trend of decreasing renewal water per capita continues. In 1992, the availability of renewal water resources per capita is 6381m3 that was decline to 4727 m3 in 2014. When we talk about Uzbekistan the situation is worst. Over half of population of whole central Asian region is lived in Uzbekistan and also increased rapidly. So, the situation becomes critical day by day. The availability of per capi ta renewal water resources, that was 2269 m3 in 1992 declined to 1832 m3 in 2007 and 1689 m3 in 2014. Dams in Central Asia Source: FAO The water system in central Asia region is mange by large numbers of canals, dams and reservoirs etc. there is large trap of canals, which was made in the times of Former Soviet Union all over central Asia, many dams like world’s tallest dam Nurek dam etc and many big reservoir like Andijan, Toktogul, Tyuyamunym and Kairakkum etc are in central Asia to manage water resources of the region (UNECE, 2007). The International Commission on Large Dams (ICOLD), classified the dams into two categories according to their height, the first category include the dams with the height of 15 meters or above, second category include the dams of between the height of 5 to 15 meters and the storage capacity is more than 3 million m3,[3]. There are over 1200 dams in central Asia region and 110 dams are large dams from these dams. Many of them have inter-state significance because many of them located on the Transboundary rivers like Amu Darya River, Syr Darya River etc. (UNECE, 2007). The total capacity of dams in central Asian countries is 176.8 km3. From which, 95.5 km3 only in Kazakhstan, that is 54% of the total dam’s capacity of the region. Kyrgyzstan accounts 13% dams of the region with the capacity of 23.5 km3. Kambarta and Toktogul are major dams in Kyrgyzstan. There are 17% dams’ of central Asia is in Tajikistan, with the capability of 29.5 km3. Nurek Dam with the height of 300 meters, is world’s tallest dam is located in Tajikistan on Vakhsh River.[4]. Sangtuda-1 and 2 are also very important dams in Tajikistan and country also proposed a dam named Rogan dam on Naryn River, which become world’s highest dam after the completion of construction[5]. Uzbekistan with the capacity of 22.2 km3 is account 13% of the total dams of the region and with the capacity of 6.2 km3 Turkmenistan accounts only 3% dams of the region [1] http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/countries_by_area.htm [2] http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-16201032 [3] https://www.adaptation-fund.org/sites/default/files/ilovepdf.com-7.pdf [4] http://www.briskinfo.com/extreme/tallest-dam-in-world-nurek-dam.html [5] http://www.briskinfo.com/extreme/tallest-dam-in-world-nurek-dam.html Germanys Political System | Summary Germanys Political System | Summary German Political System Chandra Chapagai Introduction Political system is basically a structure to decide, govern, implement, and authorize policies and procedures to the citizens of a country. Each country has their own political system developed or designed under which policies, procedures, and legislations to run the country and the citizens. Each nation has some sort of uniqueness in formation of the political system and how to form policies, procedures, and govern the nation. Unlike US, Germany has its own political system to run the country. Germany is a federal parliamentary system country. It has different components of political system and they are constitution, the executive, legislature, judiciary, different states, composed of different political parties. Like all other political system, parliamentary system also has its own strengths and weaknesses. Constitution The basic law of the land in Germany is the constitution. The constitution of Federal Republic of Germany was passed after World War II in 1949. Germany is a social Democratic country. In the constitution, the basic rights of German citizens are guaranteed. All federal and state authorities are bound by the constitution. They cannot do anything that is against what is written in the constitution. It was the constitution that has established democratic parliamentary system in Germany. After the constitution was written it helped to separate powers of German into executive, legislative, and judiciary branches. This constitution helps all these branches to maintain checks and balances to run the country. The Executive The executive branch basically consists of the head of the state, and head of the government. The head of the state is the president and this president is mostly ceremonial but the ceremonial president is also responsible in representing the state, states’ existence, and their legitimate causes, and overall unity of the states in the country. The president also has the power to practice politics and implement laws and order in the country when there are crisis in the parliament and their cabinet members, and is also responsible to handle international issues, sign treaties in the situation when the parliamentary system is in unstable state, and these are all written in the constitution. The president is elected by the legislative team members. The president is elected for two five year terms for maximum time frame. The head of the government is the federal chancellor. In Germany, the federal chancellor is responsible person to run the government and the overall country polices and politics. The chancellor of the federal republic of Germany is responsible for the parliament of the country. It is the responsibility of the chancellor to select the members of the cabinet for the government. Legislature Legislature is another branch of the federal parliamentarian government of Germany. Legislature assembly is divided into two champers and they are Bundestag, and Bundesrat and its bicameral system. The Bundestag and Bundesrat are lower house and upper house of German political system. The Bundestag members are elected for four year terms in the government. Bundestag will have more than 598 members of representations. Current lower house of chamber has 622 members. It is required by the party to have at least five percent of the national vote in the Bundestag to have the seats. Upper house of the German parliament is called Bundesrat. Bundesrat is a representation from all other states in the country. They are appointed by the state cabinets and can remove them any time if they want to. States selects the representatives to serve in the Bundesrat. The number of house members in Bundesrat is smaller than Bundestag. The lower house of the parliament has the power and authority to veto state level legislation and that will ultimately affect the governing power on the state level. Judiciary The judiciary system of federal republic of Germany is responsible to interpret, explain, and apply the law to the country and other states. German judiciary system practices civil law. The judiciary system of German has three court system and they are ordinary courts, specialized courts, and federal constitutional courts. Ordinary courts basically are responsible to dealing with criminal and civil cases. The federal court of justice of Germany is the highest ordinary court in the country. It is also the highest court of appeals that most of the cases go there for the highest appeals to be heard by the federal judges. Specialized court systems in Germany deals with issues that are related to administration, labor laws, social laws, budget and financial laws, and the patent laws. Any cases related to these issues are directed to the specialized courts in Germany. The highest federal Germany court is called as the constitutional courts and this court focuses on judiciary system and any constitutional issues. If there are any issues related to the constitution of the federal government, the Federal Constitutional court will be involved. The States Germany is divided into sixteen states. It is also called Landers. The government of Germany has federal constitution, all the sovereignty are given to the state and they manage and govern the state level affairs abide by the federal constitution. Since the population on these states are not same and can vary therefore, the size and territory of these states also vary. Each state has its own capital and has their own local and regional government to govern the people of the state. Political parties In democratic countries there will be political parties to run for the government. In the federal parliament government of Germany there are two major political parties and they are Center-Right and Center-Left. The Center-Right has two other parties and they are Christian Democratic Union, and Christian Social Union. These two parties operate differently and they operate thought the country. The Centre-Left Party is the Social Democratic Party. There are other parties as well and they are named as The Left Party, and the German Green Party. The current political party in the government now is Christian Democratic Union (CDU). Angela Merkel is the present head of the government of Federal Republic of Germany. Currently Joachim Gauck is serving as the head of the states in Germany. Strengths and Weakness of Parliament System Any political system has strengths and weaknesses. Political system in federal parliamentary system also has strengths and weakness. One advantage of parliamentary political system is that the executive branch is dependent on Bundestag and Bundesrat and its easy and fast to pass the legislation that was proposed. Strength is that the executive power is divided into states and is not fully concentrated to the head of the federal government. The most significant strength I like is based on the series of debates, it can change the power without election and then allow election to be held at any time, so there is flexibility if need be. One weakness of the parliamentary system is that the head of the government, the chancellor is not directly elected. Also, there is no any group or body that they oppose the legislation that is passed by the parliament. Executive branch and legislative branches are closely connected and the checks and balances between them are poor. There are possibilities of having informal constitutions Sometimes reserve powers are used which are not democratic and can cause crisis in the constitution. It is also possible that the parliamentary system can develop political authority from the executive branch. Conclusion The political system of Republic of Germany is very interesting. The political system of Germany is fairly decentralized system in which the system is categorized into executive, legislative, judiciary, and cabinets. In this system, the people will elect legislation, the legislation body elect executive, and the executive body produces public policy. There are both good side and bad side of parliamentary political system. The judiciary system of German is called the basic law of the land. There are different political parties in the Republic of Germany and all can participate in the political process and involve in the election processes. In Germany, chancellor is the head of the government, and the president is the head of the sixteen states. References Caramani, D. (2011). Comparative politics (3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. German political system. (n.d.). Retrieved May 12, 2015, from http://www.rogerdarlington.me.uk/Germanpoliticalsystem.html Neil, P. (2007). States. In Essentials of comparative politics (2nd ed.). New York, N.Y.: W.W. Norton .

Henna in Arab countries and India Essay

Henna is a type of temporary tattoo that dyes the skin for several weeks. Henna is made out of a plant that is dried, ground to a dust and then made in to a paste by adding essential oils. Henna got its start in the Arab culture and remains popular to this day and growing in popularity in other countries. The paste that is made is placed into a cone or bag that closely resembles that used by cake decorators. The paste is applied to the skin in intricate designs and as it dries and hardens it begins to fall off leaving behind an orange tint. Designs made from henna are completely free form and have no specific meaning and are meant for the sheer beauty of the art with no religious or cultural meaning. The henna tattoo can consist of nearly any pattern or series of patterns and the more elaborate the design the more erotic and sensual it is. Henna is made primarily of several design styles which include flowers, paisley designs, intricate lines, shading and doily designs. These pattern s can wrap around your fingers, wrist, ankle or any other curved part of your body. Henna in the Arab World Permanent tattoos in the Muslim world are greatly frowned upon, which makes henna a very popular alternative that dates back hundreds of years and is steeped in tradition. Henna makes it easy to get a tattoo without it being against Muslim traditions, since they only last a few weeks. These beautifully intricate designs are applied mainly to young women to glamorize themselves (older women will also sometimes wear henna) to their husbands after their wedding and during the ceremony. Arabic Henna throughout the World Henna can be seen in countries all around the globe despite its roots being firmly planted in the Middle East existing in India, Egypt, Pakistan, and Morocco among just a few. The typical style in the originating country is that of large floral patterns painted all over the body, but as the design spreads it changes to meet the needs of the people. The United States, for instance, has taken henna and made it into pure skin decoration. Unlike the Middle East, the main reason to get henna is for show and not some profound meaning. The sentimental factors involved have been removed and what’s left is something very basic and watered down. Henna done at the circus, carnivals and Renaissance fairs are just several examples of western style henna. I went to (global village) in Indian village to meet some women’s who knows more about the henna and I had an interview with an old lady that work there in henna shop she’s Indian: (Me): Could you tell us a bit about the tradition of henna and how it has transformed into a popular body art? (Old lady): Henna has been used down through the ages for thousands of years. Inscriptions place henna in use in Syria as early as 2100 BCE and in the Greek Islands from around 1700 BCE. Henna has usually been utilized with cultures that have a history of Goddess worship. Henna was relatively unknown ten years ago, and it has become more popular with women here in California and around the world. The art of henna is amazing, and now it can be embellished with jewels and glitter to make it sparkle and coordinate with your clothes. Women of all ages use henna for celebrations, and the art has improved and become more popular than ever before through word of mouth and the Internet. (Me): What exactly is henna dye, and what are the ingredients? (Old lady): Henna is the Persian name for a shrub known scientifically as Lawsonia Inermis. It is harvested twice a year, dried and ground into a fine powder. The powder is used to dye hair red and for the ancient eastern art of mehndi. The henna tannic acid is a natural safe vegetable dye that bonds with the collagen in your skin cells and the keratin in the hair leaving a lovely color. (Me): Is henna dye available in different colors or levels of intensity? (Old lady): Different colors or levels of intensity are achieved in several ways. Henna can be steamed on the skin to darken it, or it can be left on for different lengths of time to get darker and lighter stains. Henna will be a shade of red/brown. There are no other safe dyes and henna does not come in black or blue. Allergies Are Rare (Me): Should you test for an allergic reaction prior to applying henna dye to the skin? (Old lady): You can test for henna sensitivity although it is extremely rare. If you use 100% natural henna mixed with safe oils and lemon juice, there is little to no chance of an allergic reaction. If you suspect a henna allergy, please do not apply the henna and be sure to also test for citrus allergies. (me): Even though henna art is temporary, how long should the tattoo last? (Old lady): Henna typically lasts seven to ten days. However, it can last longer than that depending on several variables such as where the henna is placed on the body, how long the henna is on the skin, if the skin is clean, and if the essential oils and henna are good quality. (Me): Could you explain the difference between Indian style designs and Arabic style henna? (Old lady): Indian styles of henna are usually filled with lacy paisleys or flowers and everyday shapes from daily Indian life such as the mango and the peacock. Arabic style is usually a large floral that will have more open space, and the designs will not have a motif like faces or peacocks. Both styles of henna are amazingly beautiful. (me): Is it easy to apply henna yourself? What’s the process? ((Old lady): If you want to apply the henna yourself, you can purchase paste already made or mix it yourself. Henna Caravan sells henna ready to use inside applicator bottles and our Create kits let you mix your own. Which ever you choose, all you have to do is: * Fill your applicator, clean the skin and you are ready to begin. * After the paste is applied, leave the henna on the skin for four to six hours and scrape it off leaving the dyed skin. * The stain will continue to darken over the next 36 hours, and you will have great henna. Tools and Supplies (Me): What tools and implements are needed to create a henna tattoo? (Old lady): You can use a hand rolled cone, a jacquard applicator bottle or other bottle to apply henna. Henna has been applied with sticks, rolled into strings and pressed on the skin, taped areas or stencils and paintbrushes may also be used. (me): Are there any starter kits that are a good investment for a beginning henna artist? (Old lady): I think the Henna Caravan kit is a perfect beginner kit. It comes complete with everything you need to have a successful henna experience – bottles, premium henna, wonderful essential oils and all the tool and tips and patterns to get you started. The jacquard bottle is easy to refill. (me): What rituals or occasions are most popular for henna art? (Old lady): In our experience birthday parties are most popular for every age along with graduation parties and Bar/Bat mitzvahs, Blessing ways are also great fun and so relaxing for everyone. (Me): Summer is a great time of year to flaunt a henna tattoo. If someone is on the fence but wants to experiment with their first henna design, what’s your favorite placement and artwork style? (Old lady): Get something you like whether it is flowers or skulls or geometric patterns, and put it on your ankle or up the leg. If you want more, just repeat the pattern; make three flowers instead of one, so it flows on the body. (Me): Why are some henna darker than others? (Old lady): Mostly this depends on how the henna has been stored. Henna leaves plucked straight off the plant will leave the darkest stain. Leaves that have been powdered need to be carefully preserved; powdered henna that is kept cold in an airtight container is best in my experience. Henna has, today, become a part of all major festivals and celebration. Be it, Purim, Eid, Diwali, Karva Chauth, Passover, Nowruz or Mawlid, it has graced every occasion with its presence. Celebrations like wedding, birth of a baby and birthdays seem to be incomplete without the ceremony of henna. Brides, in the present time, typically have the most complex patterns of henna, to express their greatest joy and wishes for luck. With an improved technology being used for its cultivation, henna available today, has an enhanced dye content and greater artistic potential than earlier.

Original Oratory on stereotyping and social stigmas

In love there is creation the creation of power and energies exerted towards our seemingly divergent passions yet in love these passions can create destruction unbounded by anything else ultimately no one can escape we falter almost entirely everyday we take breath what causes us to be so determined to find meaning In things? Eyes. Drugs. Smiles. Love. Sex. Death. What says that anything Is anything or nothing at all? Im so dull at times. I want find meaning In things and I want to be this great, philosophic all around girl. Im not. Majority of what I write or think Is complete bulls.Every so often It comes across as genuine and well thought out but really Its Just stupidity. TFH I think that even to be diagnosed with something would be bullwhip because Im perfectly normal. Elf I asked you all to use some words to describe yourselves what words would you use? Student, Future entrepreneur, black, gay†¦ All these titles but do they really say who you are? More likely than not they wont. And if I asked you to describe your closest friend could you really? In all seriousness no. Why is this? People, all people, are lust a paradox ball of psychological issues and perfection.We try to define ourselves and each other. We want to belong. Not to be cliche © but our goal in life is to make a connection with something. We begin to stereotype. Whether its based on fact or not doesn't matter. And at what cost? While its true that we are at times rightly stereotyped, our views of ourselves can be distorted. As a person, still trying to figure out what I want out of life, its not hard to see that the stigmas, increasing suicide rates, and the difficulty in being successful in education because of stereotyping hinders peoples life's as well their concepts of themselves and others.

David Koresh, Leader of Deadly Branch Davidians Cult

David Koresh, Leader of Deadly Branch Davidians Cult David Koresh (August 17, 1959–April 19, 1993) was the charismatic leader of a religious sect known as the Branch Davidians. During a deadly standoff in Waco, Texas with the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF), Koresh and more than 80 of his followers were killed. Early Years David Koresh (born Vernon Wayne Howell) was born in Texas to a fourteen-year-old mother. He never knew his father, who broke up with his mother before she gave birth. The young Koresh Howells mother later moved in with a violent and abusive man. When Koresh was four years old, he was sent to be raised by his maternal grandmother, but when he was seven, his mother got married and he went back to live with her and her new husband. However, he still attended religious services regularly with his grandmother, who took him to her Seventh Day Adventist church. As a teenager, Koresh struggled with dyslexia and was placed in special education classes. He was considered awkward and unpopular. He dropped out of school before his senior year of high school, and in his early twenties, he committed statutory rape, resulting in a 15-year-old girls pregnancy. He was later thrown out of his mother’s evangelical church after pursuing the pastor’s teenage daughter and saying that God had ordered him to marry her. By the early eighties, he moved to Waco, where he joined the Branch Davidians at their Mount Carmel Center. Within a year or so, Koresh was claiming to have the gift of prophecy. Sygma via Getty Images / Getty Images The Branch Davidians When Koresh joined the Branch Davidians, it is believed he was involved in a sexual relationship Lois Roden, the wife of Branch Davidian founder Benjamin Roden. Koresh said that God wanted him to father a child with Lois, who was 65 years old at the time, and that this child would be the â€Å"chosen one.† His interest in Lois soon waned, however, and in 1984 he claimed that God wanted him to marry a 14 year old named Rachel Jones. In 1984, Jones parents gave her permission to marry Koresh, who had at this point adopted the Koresh name (though he would not change it legally until 1990). After escalated infighting between Koresh and the Roden family, particularly Lois’ son George, Koresh and Jones left in 1995, along with 25 other members of the group. They moved to Palestine, Texas, 90 miles away from Waco, and lived in buses and tents for several years. Koresh used this period to recruit new members, not only from Texas but from California, Israel, and the United Kingdom. Following Lois Roden’s death., Koresh and George Roden found themselves battling for control of the Waco compound. George challenged Koresh to a spiritual duel of sorts, involving the resurrection of a corpse. Koresh took advantage of the opportunity to go to law enforcement and get George out of the way once and for all. He was told he’d need to provide evidence that George had illegally exhumed a dead body, and when he and seven supporters arrived at the compound, a gunfight erupted. George Roden was injured, and Koresh and his men were arrested. When they explained that they were on the property to gather evidence of abuse of a corpse, they were acquitted of the charges of attempted murder.   In 1989, George Roden was himself charged with murder after killing one of his own supporters with an axe (the man had claimed to be the true Messiah). Once Roden was sent to a psychiatric prison, Koresh and his followers were able to raise the money to purchase the Waco property themselves. Accusations of Abuse There were repeated accusations against Koresh of statutory rape and â€Å"spiritual marriages with underage women. Koresh claimed to have fathered children with several women and girls in the group; he said he had received a revelation from God, telling him to father two dozen children to serve as leaders once the Rapture came. There were also claims that Koresh and other members of the group were physically abusing children. One incident involved the beating of Koresh’s three-year-old son Cyrus. A lengthy investigation by Child Protective Services was launched. Michelle Jones, one of the alleged victims, was assigned a surrogate husband to throw investigators off the trail. The investigators ultimately failed to turn up any concrete evidence. Meanwhile, Koresh and his followers had begun stockpiling weapons, forming an â€Å"Army of God,† to prepare for the apocalypse. Koresh claimed to have cracked the code of the Book of Revelations and warned that the End Times were near. Shelly Katz / Getty Images The Waco Standoff In February 1993, federal agents from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF) went to the Waco compound to serve a warrant for illegal firearms and take Koresh into custody. The raid turned into a four-hour gunfight. At its conclusion, four ATF agents and six of Koresh’s followers were dead. This led to a standoff, which lasted 51 days.   Did You Know? In the years since Waco, law enforcement officials have spent time studying the failed raid and the standoff itself in an effort to determine what went wrong. As a result, several changes have been made to federal law enforcement protocols in cases of hostage situations.   Negotiators from the ATF and the FBI worked endlessly to end the standoff, and a few of the Branch Davidian members were able to exit the compound safely. However, more than 80 men, women, and children, remained inside.  The ATF and the FBI used tear gas in an effort to end the siege. In response, the Branch Davidians continued the gunfire. As a result, the compound caught on fire. A few people managed to escape the fire, but 76 were killed. Most died when the compound collapsed during the blaze, while others were killed by gunshot wounds, including Koresh, who was found shot in the head. It has never been determined whether Koresh killed himself, or whether he was shot by another member of the group. Nearly two dozen of the dead were under the age of 17.

The Romantic Era Essays

The Romantic Era Essays The Romantic Era Essay The Romantic Era Essay Everyone in this society has his or her own definition of the word â€Å"romantic. † The word gives off the notion of â€Å"sentiment and sentimentality, a visionary or idealistic lack of reality. It connotes fantasy and fiction. It has been associated with different times and with distant places: the island of Bali, the world of the Arabian Nights, the age of the troubadours and even Manhattan. †(Kreis) Romanticism is used all over the world as it relates to many different things. From advertisements in stores to billboards all over the country there is some sort of display of romanticism in everything. Advertisements that show jewelry stores, make up, and even things as simple as brands of gum are some examples of where romanticism is used in everyday life. â€Å"The Romantic era was a time of great change and emancipation. While the Classical era had strict laws of balance and restraint, the Romantic era moved away from that by allowing artistic freedom, experimentation, and creativity. The music of this time period was very expressive, and melody became the dominant feature. Composers even used this expressive means to display nationalism. This became a driving force in the late Romantic period, as composers used elements of folk music to express their cultural identity. †(library. thinkquest. org) Throughout history there has been disputes about the real meaning of what romantic really means. Does it have full meaning when someone says â€Å"a romantic, candle lit dinner†? or if someone says that watching the sunset was â€Å"a romantic setting†? No one really knows the actual meaning of the word. But literary historians and critics as well as European historians have been quarreling over the meaning of the word Romanticism for decades, as Lovejoys comment above makes abundantly clear. One of the problems is that the Romantics were liberals and conservatives, revolutionaries and reactionaries. Some were preoccupied with God, others were atheistic to the core. Some began their lives as devout Catholics, lived as ardent revolutionaries and died as staunch conservatives. †(Kreis) â€Å"The expression Romantic gained currency during its own time, roughly 1780-1850. However, even within its own period of existence, few Romantics would have agreed on a general meaning. Perhaps this tells us something. To speak of a Romantic era is to identify a period in which certain ideas and attitudes arose, gained currency and in most areas of intellectual endeavor, became dominant. That is, they became the dominant mode of expression. Which tells us something else about the Romantics: expression was perhaps everything to them expression in art, music, poetry, drama, literature and philosophy. Just the same, older ideas did not simply wither away. (Kreis) Once the Romantic era took place people started to develop their own ideas about different things such as human nature and even religious ideas were formed. â€Å"The philosophes were too objective they chose to see human nature as something uniform. The philosophes had also attacked the Church because it blocked human reason. The Romantics attacked the Enlightenment because it blocked the free play of th e emotions and creativity. The philosophe had turned man into a soulless, thinking machine a robot. †(Kreis)

Consumer Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Consumer Behavior - Essay Example Kollner (2008) states that motivation is a function of two things: a) drive or arousal and b) goal-object. The drive is the motivation that results in behavior directed towards the goal. Kollner says that automatic arousal causes behavior without much thought, which is a likely result of learning. For small-ticket products, this type of motivation comes into play: at the supermarket, the decision to purchase a particular brand of diapers for baby is very easy and does not require much thought, except perhaps the very first time when the diapers choice was made. Conversely, for high end, expensive products, the needs are different and solutions also require detailed analyses and information search, which is also called extended problem solving. In a marketing context, motivation plays a very important role in understanding the consumer. When there is a want or need, the consumer feels conflict and unrest; to appease that feeling he or she looks at various solutions. The marketer must be able to satisfy that feeling by making available the right solution (product or service), at the right time and through an accessible channel. Once the marketer understands what drives the customer to act in a certain way, a lot of insights can be added into the marketing process which will assist in making it more targeted and satisfactory to the consumer. For the diaper example discussed previously, a marketer must know that he need not provide additional information to the customer at the supermarket but make him buy the product by making it easily accessible (eye level rack) and offer him deals and savings (e.g. 10% extra). The process of learning involves assessing and acquiring new knowledge and information about things and utilizing that information for future decisions and behaviors. Learning happens as a result of study as well as experience. This process does not have to be consciously done. Kardes, Cronley and Cline explain

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 19

Assignment Example Research limitations: This paper has a narrow focus (the inadequacy of American multinationals to adapt to expatriation) which is a limitation. By focusing only the failure of American business it could to some degree shows some bias in its conclusions. Practical Implications: In the case of expatriation of managerial staff it is important to take into consideration a wider frame of reference than purely technical skill and a good record. The successful American manager may not be successful elsewhere. And even if appropriate for the role he/she will need training and support in order to excel in their new role. Value to the Reader: The reader learns to see that in order for expatriation of managerial staff to be effective it is important for the entire organization to take a long term outlook and to create an expatriation programme. One which endeavours to select managers who have the coping skills required in expatriation and also to provide them with the required training and support. Finally the expatriate manager needs to be able to gain from the experience; they should not lose out by working abroad. It is this emphasize in particular which sets Japanese and European corporate cultures apart from the American ones. The American multinationals are reluctant to invest in expatriation programmes’ because of the mobile nature of the American workforce. Also because they have a more inward looking approach as companies the expatriate manager’s frequently find themselves losing out in their corporate career. The authors believe that this imbalance needs to be addressed in orde r for American multinationals to become more successful at expatriation. Design: This research begins with an overview of the resource-based view of multinational enterprizes.It then overviews some examples taken from Spanish multinationals; it makes

G-Star Visual Merchandising Store Directive Essay

G-Star Visual Merchandising Store Directive - Essay Example Geographic Segmentation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...4 SWOT Analysis †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 Designers †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 Trends and Fashion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 Visual Merchandising...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...6 References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..10 Executive Summary Christmas season is considered to be the busiest season in terms of shopping. Bardot Retail Store of garments and clothing has planned to launch a new range of designer collection under the brand name of G-Star especially for Christmas season. This collection encompasses products such as apparels, accessories, shoes and other related items for men, women and children. The launch is being commenced particularly for the season of Christmas and will be off in other seasons. By doing the cost-benefit analysis, it is expected that like all previous subdivisions and clothing lines of Bardot, G-star will also prove to be a successful retail business in the fashion industry. It is catering not only current market but is also pre-planned of tapping into the future generation’s choice. ... The store will serve both adults and young. Fresh and new collection prepared and organized by renowned designers will be exhibited. G-star is pursuing for established clothing line business, striving to give tough competition to other retail clothing stores. In addition to local consumers, tourists will also be benefited by the wide variety of garments offered by G-star. Urban clothing line has always been of great interest to consumers and they never hesitate in buying and trying new style of clothes. Target Market Target Market for G-star Apparel brand is selected on the basis of demographic, psychographic, behavioral and geographic features. Normally, in the season of Christmas there comes no major classification of target market as Christmas is an equal opportunity to celebrate for everyone especially in European countries. Further description of target market is given in the subsequent paragraphs i. Demographic Segmentation Demographics cover the variables such as income, gende r, age group, occupation etc. G-star is mainly focusing people who come from an average income group. Individuals who can afford to spend 20% of their income on clothing, accessorizing and personal care are selected as the primary target market. Both the gender, male and female will be part of selected target market. Age groupings that are mainly focused consist of age bracket of 15 to 40 years in order to cater the maximum number of customers. However, special segment of kids’ garments will also be available under this brand. Demographics also cover the type of occupation of the potential customers. This section is covered under the head of income level. ii. Psychographic Segmentation Psychographic segmentation is based upon the psychological aspects

The Political Philosophy of the Constitution Essay Example for Free

The Political Philosophy of the Constitution Essay From my own perspective I feel that the major ideas of the political philosophy of the constitution are to mandate non-partisan redistricting for elections to enhance electoral competition. For example: To reduce the role that legislative politics might play, five states (Arizona, Hawaii, Idaho, New Jersey and Washington), carry out congressional redistricting by an independent or bipartisan commission. Two states, Iowa and Maine, give independent bodies authority to propose redistricting plans, but preserve the role of legislatures to approve them. Seven states have only a single representative for the entire state because of their low populations; these are Alaska, Delaware, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Vermont and Wyoming. Redistricting is also necessary within school districts, where attendance zones have grown (or occasionally shrunk) disproportionately to the occupancy capacity of each public school in the system. This always occurs when a new school is built or one is closed, but may also occur due to other shifts in population. These districts are necessary not only to balance enrollment, but also to coordinate school bus routes. Separate maps are usually kept for each level: elementary school, middle school, and high school, for example. This is not an inherently political process, however parents can become very upset when their children are moved from a school they like (or to one they dont), and occasionally elected school boards have been forced to change plans after protests. 2nd Eliminate lifetime tenure for federal judges in favor of non-renewable 15 years term for all federal judges. Judges and certain members of some senates or upper chambers (senator for life) most commonly have life tenure. The primary goal of life tenure is to insulate the officeholder from external pressures. And last a Political meeting which we know as a constitutional convention is a gathering for the purpose of writing a new constitution or revising an existing constitution. A general constitutional convention is called to create the first constitution of a political unit or to entirely replace an existing constitution. An unlimited constitutional convention is called to revise an existing constitution to the extent that it deems to be proper, whereas a limited constitutional convention is restricted to revising only the areas of the current constitution named in the conventions call, the legal mandate establishing the convention. Constitutional conventions have also been used by constituent states of federations such as the individual states of the United States to create, replace, or revise their own Constitutions though several states have never held a national constitutional convention for the purpose of proposing amendments, the 21st Amendment to the US Constitution was ratified not by the state legislatures, but by state level conventions after it was passed by Congress, as described as an alternate method of ratification in Article V of the US Constitution. Furthermore, The systematic elaboration of the consequences for politics of suggested resolutions of philosophical dilemmas (or of the intractability of those dilemmas). The greatest works of political philosophy try to present those consequences in relation to fundamental cosmological, ontological, and epistemological issues. They articulate a view of human nature which links the cosmological with the political. On a less grand scale, political philosophy explores the political implications of particular disputes, for example about the nature of the self (see communitarianism; freedom; liberalism; and autonomy), or about the notion of moral responsibility (see punishment). There is obviously a close connection between political philosophy and moral philosophy, because both involve exploring the nature of judgments we make about our values; consequently, when it was thought on epistemological grounds that it was not the place of philosophy to explore these normative matters, political philosophy was declared to be dead. Contemporary political philosophy flourishes because the epistemological argument once thought fatal to it has Do we need a Constitution. Yes! we need a Constitution because The founding principles behind the Constitution, were values created by men enduring the stress and pressure of creating a new union aside from the rule of Great Britain. Much debate and thought about human values and the rights of a free people were instituted in the writing of this famous document that has endured in the United States for nearly 232 years. Although there have been a variety of amendments, the basic content has been respected and used to govern in the USA throughout history up to the present. The majority of citizens believe in this document to govern our country as its tradition is valued still by many. Just like the Bible is a guide to many religious denominations, the constitution is a guide to the structure, laws and behaviors influencing the culture in America. In conclusion I hope that my ideology on major ideas of the political philosophy of the constitution are true and not of opinionated facts. I obtained my REFERENCES from: Hampton, Jean (1997). Political philosophy. p. xiii. ISBN 0813308586. http://books. google. com/books? id=-. Political philosophy is about political societies. ^ Sahakian, Mabel Lewis (1993). Ideas of the great philosophers. Barnes Noble Publishing. p. 59. ISBN 1566192712. Kraut, Richard (2002). Aristotle: political philosophy. Oxford University Press. p. 3. ISBN 0198782001. (Cicero: a study in the origins of republican philosophy. .http://books. google. com/books. By the ninth and tenth centuries ^ Gellner, Ernest (1992). Plough, Sword, and Book. University of Chicago Press. p. 239. ISBN 0226287027. Natural Law and Calvinist Political Theory. Trafford Publishing. p. 19. ISBN 1412007382.

Sentential Falsehood Logic FL4 :: Philosophy Philosophical Logical Papers

Sentential Falsehood Logic FL4 ABSTRACT: In some philosophical conceptions, statements are valued as true, false, senseless (neither true nor false), or inconsistent. Falsehood logic FL4 makes it possible to operate correctly by such statements. Logic with falsehood operator FL4 is formulated. For FL4 metatheorems of consistency, deduction and completeness are fulfilled. Correlation between falsehood logic FL4 and four-valued Belnap’s logic and von Wright’s truth logic T"LM is considered. In FL4, the implication for Belnap’s logic is defined so that the truth-valued matrix of it is characterized for logic of tautological consequences Efde. Correlation between three-valued falsehood sublogic FL3N of FL4 and three-valued Kleene’s logic and Lukasiewicz’s logic is considered. Lukasiewicz’s three-valued logic is functionally equivalent to FL3N logic. Correlation between three-valued falsehood sublogic FL3B of FL4 and three-valued paraconsistent Priest’s logic is also con sidered. The construction of falsehood logic FL4 (1) and its analysis answer the question about the use of truth and falsehood notions. In some philosophical conceptions statements are valued as true, false, senseless (neither true nor false), inconsistent. Falsehood logic FL4 makes it possible to operate correctly by such statements. The main principles of falsehood logic FL4 are as follows: 1. The notion of falsehood will be considered as applied only to sentences of the following form: "Sentence 'S' is false" (in symbols: '(- S)' ). The proposition '(- S)' is a proposition about falsehood of the sentence 'S' and it is a proposition in a metalanguage related to the language in which a sentence 'S' is formulated. The set of propositions of language, metalanguage, metametalanguage and so on is considered as a whole. And one can operate with these propositions (viz. 'S', '(- S)', '(- S(- S))', ...) simultaneously in the language of FL4. 2. We shall consider the notion of falsehood as a primitive one which will be used as a logical operator in this formal system. 3. The sentence '(- S)' is always either true or false, while the sentence 'S' may have other truth-values than true or false. In other words, the laws of classical logic are valid for sentence '(- S)', but need not to be valid for sentence 'S'. 4. Sentences with the implication will be evaluated in standard way. Let '(S1 Â ® S2) ' stands for 'S1 implies S2'. '(S1 Â ® S2)' is true iff 'S1' is false or 'S2' is true. '(S1 Â ® S2)' is false iff 'S1' is true and 'S2' is false.

FISH! Philosophy of Teamwork Essay

FISH! is a philosophy people around the world are implementing in workplaces and educational facilities to help foster fun and teamwork in their business. This philosophy is interesting and has been successful. The founders Stephen C. Lundin, Harry Paul, and John Christensen pulled together to create three books on teamwork which are named _Fish!, Fish! Sticks and Fish! Tales._ In these books they give pointers and tell stories of how making work fun and working as a team creates success. (Lundin, Paul, & Christensen, 2000) The idea of this philosophy emerged in 1998 from a film produced by John Christensen. The film is about Seattle’s World Famous Pike Place Market. John translated and depicted through his film that â€Å"even in a workplace where fishmongers spent smelly 12 hour shifts stocking, selling, and packing fish that amazing things can happen when people accept the invitation to: 1) Be There for their co-workers and customers, 2) Play, 3) Make someone’s day and 4) Choose their attitude about how they show up for work.† (Christensen, 2007, p. 1) After the film appeared the book _Fish!,_ this has been on the best seller’s list and translated into 17 different languages. Today the Fish! Philosophy has flourished among corporate and educational markets throughout the world. â€Å"We are not afraid to use words like love, soul, and spirit because those are an essential part of our humanity. But these values are just as important to businesses†¦We are on a journey together.† (Christensen, 2007, p. 1) Lundin, Paul, and Christensen believe that there are four secrets and strategies for a better way to create fun and teamwork in businesses. First, be there for co-workers. The biggest ways to do this is by smiling and acknowledging people while walking by them. Say hello, converse with co-workers, be friendly and help co-workers laugh. Take the time to listen to people around the workplace. When seeing a co-worker not happy, go up to them and give them a pat on the back and a compliment. Make an effort and try to get to know everyone. Show up for work to help the team. A team is not a team with people missing. These are all some of the things we can do to be there for co-workers. These strategies are used worldwide and seem to help. The second strategy is to play at work. Playing helps energize the workplace. Some examples of play are telling jokes to co-workers, maybe even pass around appropriate jokes (no personal jokes), saying things throughout the day to help people laugh. Have theme days where everybody dresses up differently. Having office parties helps unite play and team because everyone gets together. Create bulletin boards and decorate the office with fun stuff ensuring everyone’s involvement. Making work fun helps work to get done and makes people want to participate in a team. Third, make someone’s day which is easy to do and makes the team run smoother. Several ways to make someone’s day are as easy as saying hello, complimenting their looks, bringing baked goods to work, having a candy bowl out for others to enjoy, thanking people for the small and often overlooked things they do for us, acknowledging others’ accomplishments, being nice, and by simply volunteering our time. When working as a team it is very important to remember team means â€Å"we† not â€Å"I† that is why it is so important to help the team work easier. (Morton, 2007) Fourth, choose your attitude. Attitude plays an important role in teamwork as well. The good thing about attitude is you can choose a new one. Some ways to keep a positive attitude and help support the team are start each day with a personal positive thought, go to work with a positive attitude, put on a smile, start the day with a laugh or by being helpful, think positive. If you feel yourself getting a bad attitude change it so it does not affect others, be pleasant even if your day is not going well,  leave home at home and last walk around, speak to co-workers and wish them a good day. Successful teams all over the world are using these strategies and making them work. Some of these teams are Ford Motor Company, Wells Fargo, Sprint, the U.S. Army, the May O Clinic, Harley-Davison, the National Weather Service and Verizon Wireless. (Lundin, Paul, & Christensen, 2000) An article about Verizon Wireless struck an interest to me. It tells about how the Fish! Philosophy has helped the Southfield Verizon Wireless’ office. Call centers can be tough. Upset and angry customers call with billing and service questions, even problems. They chew up whoever answers the phone and results can hurt the company. They could have loss of customers, revenue, and employees. In a Southfield Verizon office receiving approximately 5,000 calls a day, you would probably expect it to be a stressful and frustrating place to work but due to them applying the Fish! Philosophy they say no. Instead the cubicles are decorated with cartoon fish and lessons for employees are taped on construction paper, employees can look forward to special days such as Mardi Gras, Black History and many others. Not only are they just all around happy, out of 273 employees, most appear happy. Verizon started using _Fish!_ in 2002 and reported results have been excellent. There was a signific ant decline in the call center’s complaints. The Southfield Verizon center that uses this philosophy ranks top amongst the company’s other 24 four call centers for solving customer problems on the first call. (Morath, 2005) How amazing that a philosophy developed from watching quaky workers at Seattle’s Pike Place Fish Market have fun, interact with customers and become a tourist attraction even though very smelly and not the cleanest place, tends to inspire, motivate, and engage employees through a system that makes work fun by rewarding creativity empowering employees. Most of all they keep employees and even more important they work as a team. (Morath, 2005) These are just some of the many successful companies using the Fish! Principles and this philosophy continue to grow. Teamwork is a vital part of life and we apply it everyday. We use it all over the place,  why not have fun while doing it. (Tucker, 2007) Doing this research on _Fish!_ not only interested me but has taught me a great deal. I have learned some very helpful tips in just this little time and if applied might truly help me not only in my job but with life and life’s struggles. Being part of a team is better than trying to accomplish tasks by oneself. I plan to keep learning and applying the Fish! Philosophy and the four principles; Be There, Play, Make Their Day, and Choose the right attitude to enhance my life and work. References Christensen, J. (2007). _FISH! Philosophy: What is FISH!._ Retrieved August 15, 2007, from http://www.charthouse.com. Lundin, S. C., Paul, H., & Christensen, J. (2000). _FISH_! New York, NY: Hyperion. Morath, E. (2005). Fish Philosophy catches on_._ _Michigan Live, 2005_, Retrieved August 15, 2007, from http://www.mlive.com. Morton, B. (2007, August 11, 2007). Team big concept in today’s workplace; (Final Edition). _Star – Phoenix, Saskatoon, Sask, 2007, August_, Pg. F.20. Retrieved August 13, 2007, from ProQuest database. (Document ID: 1319529891). Tucker, C. (2007, March 21). Having fun at work †¦and play; Fish followers; Fish! Philosophy helps workers have fun. _York Daily Record,_ p. 6. Retrieved September 5, 2007, from ProQuest database. (Document ID: 1240070001).

Impact of online shopping on shopping centres in Australia Essay

Module 2 How would you define the industry to be analysed? Is the industry global? Is the organization mentioned Australian or overseas based? Can you make any inferences about the industry value chain from the article? What are the key product and services segments in the industry that are mentioned in the article? Are you able to identify the stage of the industry life-cycle from the facts in the article? What have been the remote environment trends that have driven the industry to its current state? Are these factors changing? What will be their impact on future growth in the industry? Remember an article may only make reference to some of the factors in the remote environment. What are the forces within the industry that determine the current profitability of the industry? Are these forces changing? What will be their impact on the future profitability of the industry? Again, remember an article may only make reference to some of the forces in the external industry environment. Does the article make any reference to the different customer market segments in the industry, and can you make an assessment of what drives customer demand in them? Given your remote and industry environment analyses, and your customer and market analysis, are you able to assess the basis of competition in the industry? What are the key factors that are critical for the organisation to do well in order to be successful? Are there any strategic groups that organisations in the industry compete in? Analyse the competitors if mentioned in the article, to gain a clear and specific profile of each major competitor in the industry. Module 3 Who are the key stakeholders of the organisation, and what are their  expectations from the organisation? What is the current business strategy of the organisation? Are you able to assess how the organisation has performed to date in meeting its objectives based on the given facts? Identify the capabilities of the organisation in the context of the competitive environment, and analyse them to determine whether these capabilities are strategic capabilities. Determine whether there are any inconsistencies (gaps) between the current business strategy and the remote environment, the industry environment and the performance of the organisation compared to its key competitors. Review the current business strategy against the expectations of the key stakeholders, the organisation s performance and the capabilities of the organisation. A review of these gaps, and an extended SWOT analysis, may reveal some possible alternatives and strategies that the organisation could pursue. These will often relate to improving the operational side of the organisation, while strategic growth options usually fall into the category of new products and/or new markets, which is discussed in Module 4. Module 4 Consider whether the organisation has leveraged its existing capabilities to its maximum market position and market penetration. Does the article indicate any strategy regarding development of new products or expanding its markets to remain competitive and/or to grow? Or is it possible that the company is taking another approach to growth (e.g. vertical integration)? If the organisation is considering new product development, review the important aspects to consider, including the key success factors for new product development. If the organisation is considering new market development, is the organisation trying to enter a new customer or geographic market, or both? Review the important considerations for new market development, including the strategic objectives for new market entry, evaluating the attractiveness of new markets, the key success factors for new market development and the advantages and disadvantages of different modes of market entry. Consider the accounting challenges that moving into new products or markets are likely to bring. Module 5 Evaluate each of the strategic options, such as different product and market options, on the basis of appropriate criteria, having regard for effective management of the organisation’s portfolio of projects. What are the risks assessed for each of the strategic options? Scenario planning should be undertaken in order to quantify and compare the variation in their potential outcomes. Evaluate each of the strategic options in terms of their consistency with the organisation’s external and internal environments, the feasibility of successfully undertaking the option and the competitive advantage it will give the organisation. Make the recommendations to key decision makers of which strategic options to adopt, demonstrating the alignment of the options to the business strategy and providing information on the benefits, risks and key steps in implementing the options. Module 6 What challenges is the organisation likely to face, or is currently experiencing, in implementing its strategies? How has the organisation performed in its implementation of the strategy? Determine the fit between the desired strategy and the business systems of the organisation, the organisational structure and the internal politics of the organisation. Is there a good fit between the desired strategy and the organisational culture? Consider any cross-cultural issues for the organisation. How is and/or should the process of change be implemented in the organisation? Module 7 Has the organisation considered any misalignments with all the interconnected 7- aspects of the implementation plan? Review the nature and the scale of change required to gain an understanding of the type of leadership required to lead it. How has, or should have, the leader performed in their strategic analysis, selection and implementation role?