Alka-Seltzer Experiment Ideas Essay

1.) Put Alka-Seltzer in various fluids and watch the responses. 2.) Put Alka-Seltzer in various fixed compartments (film canisters, sandwich sacks, and so forth and watch the responses. 3.) Explore action utilizing Pop Rocks sweets. 4.) Put Alka-Seltzer tablets into four unique fluids (milk, squeezed orange, Coke, water) watch the responses. 5.) Place Alka-Seltzer on a plate and pour a constant flow of water on it to check whether it responds any uniquely in contrast to dropping it into some water. 6.) Does the temperature of the water have any kind of effect in the measure of time it takes the tablet to break up? 7.) Will various fluids influence the time it takes to break up? 8.) Take three cups of water filled to a similar tallness. Drop  ½ tablet in one cup, one tablet in another cup, and 2 tablets in the third cup. To what extent will it take each to totally break down? 9.) Compare/differentiate what the responses will be then Alka-Seltzer is dropped in a glass of milk, another carbonated beverage, just as water. 10.) Place a plant in a fixed situation. By one way or another concentrate all air and spot an Alka-Seltzer and water into the fixed condition. The CO2 discharged can be seen to check whether it will upgrade plant development. 11.) Place Alka-Seltzer in a little container of water. Fit an inflatable to the highest point of the jug. The inflatable will load up with â€Å"air.† 12.) Have kids make their own rocket from development paper. Affixâ rocket to a film canister. Spot Alka-Seltzer in the film canister with water. Have youngsters put the cover on the film canister, put it down, and watch â€Å"lift-off.† 13.) Place an Alka-Seltzer tablet within a water bottle and quickly seal the jug so that there is no wind current going into or out of the jug. What will occur? 14.) Compare/differentiate the time it takes to disintegrate in water and soft drink. 15.) * Balloon * crush Alka-Seltzer * put in swell * include water, tie off * watch swell grow Investigate †Why does it extend? What will occur after some time to extend the inflatable? Clarify †Gas whenever framed and makes swell grow. Inflatable will contract after some time because of gas extending.

Migration Law for Immigration & Citizenship - myassignmenthelp

Question: Talk about theMigration Law for Immigration Citizenship. Answer: Realities and Background On account of Hasan v Minister for Immigration Citizenship [2010] FCA 375, the appealing party had been furnished with the notice by the branch of migration as for the surveys of a visa application. For the most part there were five spots at which an application could be made by the candidate corresponding to the refusal of the visa. Anyway the previously mentioned warning just substance two spots where the application for Visa refusal could be made. After around 5 months when the letter had been send the litigant hard propelled a survey application regarding the choice of the representative in the managerial intrigue Tribunal. The application was not heard by the Tribunal and expressed that it had been gotten outside the time gave by guideline 4.10(1)(a) of the Migration Regulation 1994[1]. The intrigue had been permitted by the court and the request made by the government justice judge had been saved. The court additionally gave a writ of mandamus and request the respondent to pay the appellants cost[2]. The purposes behind choice As indicated by Section 66(2)(d)(iv) of the Migration Act 1958 (Cth) the notification needed to contain all the spots where and audit application can be made by the candidate. Anyway it was held by the officer Court that giving to area where the application could be made was sufficient to agree to the arrangements gave in segment 66(2)(d)(iv)[3]. As per the Interpretation Act 1901 Section 15AA while deciphering any arrangements of enactment the importance ought to be given in such a manner in order to accomplish the item or reason for the legislation[4]. The government court in its decision expressed that the object of the enactment was uniquely to give a spot where the application could be made. Anyway the choice of the justice Court was reprimanded by the government court and it given that plane significance must be given to the arrangements of act where the arrangements are clear and give impact to the motivation behind that. The court held that receiving an elective significance to the arrangements identified with the warning which would give that wherever could be expressed in the notice to hold up an application for survey would have some potentially badly arranged uncalled for treacherous or nonsensical outcomes. In the event that such importance is given to the segment it would permit the pastors to allude wherever which may not be appropriate for the individual whose visa have been cannot. Along these lines, an individual who is remaining in Perth might be given a location in Brisbane to the reason for making a survey application. Such a circumstance may likewise prompt noteworthy troubles for any individual to whom the notification has been tended to and such indivi dual might be regarded for making an appropriate application because of inaccessibility of information with respect to the spot of propelling the application. There for the development through which a notification must contain all spots where are application could be made maintains a strategic distance from any disarray talked about above as well as gives comfort and Justice without putting any extra weight on the Minister. While settling on such a choice the appointed authorities withdrew from the translation of the segment which had been given on account of Maroun v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship[5]. The appealing party needed a request which would give that the court need to decide the application for survey which had been recorded by the litigant on nineteenth March. As per guideline 4.10(1)(a) the period till which the audit application could be made beginnings from the day and notice has been given and finishes inside 21 days of such period. It was contended by the respondent that segment 347(1)(b) of the MA doesn't permit an intrigue after the period has passed. Anyway such accommodation was dismissed by the court and a help had been allowed to the litigant. The ramifications of the choice The choices of the court inferred that the notification made by the division under segment 66(2)(d)(iv) needs to give all the scenes and address where the intrigue against the choice can be made. The choice likewise inferred that the hour of making an intrigue would not start except if a legitimate notification has been given to an individual whose visa application has been cannot. The choice experienced a few difficulties for the framework on the off chance that a substantial warning isn't made by the office an opportunity to dispatch an intrigue would not be started. For example, understanding as contended by the agent of the mister may have outrageous ramifications for the framework. Book reference Hasan v Minister for Immigration Citizenship [2010] FCA 375 The Interpretation Act 901 The Migration Act 1958 (Cth) The Migration Regulations 1994 (Cth)

Writing an Essay - How My Friend Essay Samples Make Me Successful

Writing an Essay - How My Friend Essay Samples Make Me SuccessfulWhen I see my friend essay samples, I see what I want for my own writing. I know, it seems to be too simple for a friend to have a lot of thoughts and ideas, but that is the truth and when you can master this kind of writing skills, it will be easy for you to write your own essay.The writing style and the content should never be the same. It should be unique. And when you have a friend who has this kind of experience, you will have the perfect proof of the idea. Let's see some of the things he wrote for his essays.'In this unique idea of mine, I will tell you how I get my inspiration. Some people like to get up early in the morning and look at the world from a different perspective. They wake up feeling good about their life and seeing the whole world differently. Those are some of the ones who seem to be successful in this line.Others are those who think that they have the wrong perspective. They think that everyone's life is the same. They have the wrong ideas about things. I know this because I have both kinds of perspectives.'Just by reading these examples, I could see that he had his own story and views on things. And I also saw that some of them were more successful than others.My friend essay samples were what I wanted. I wanted to succeed in writing an essay for school or for a test or for an important occasion. The writer should have something unique to express and that is what he should keep in mind.When I saw my friend essay samples, I knew that I will do everything in my power to learn the same skills. And one day, I succeeded. After all, I did write an essay for school and it was very similar to what my friend wrote.Writing is very similar. There are several things that we can take from others and make our own. And that is what I did.

Organic Vs. Organic Agriculture - 1376 Words

Observers of agriculture have noted the increase in popularity for organic products. However, is it possible for this growth in the organic industry to be sustainable and profitable? Some notable studies include, yield, price premium, demand, cost, etc. In this paper, organic to conventional agriculture will be investigated. Given that organic agriculture is still in its infancy, demand for organics will continue to grow despite for lower yield and higher premium cost. Additionally, since demand for organic agriculture will continue to grow, cost will be marginal compare to benefits. The following literature reviews will attempt to demonstrate and support this hypothesis. In a research article by Perez and Plattner, the industry for organic fruits and vegetables is expanding. The United States organic food sector grew by an estimated $2.5 billion in 2011, which half of the growth came from the fruit and vegetable category. Furthermore, organic fruit and berry sales grew at a faster pace compare to all organic crops and livestock commodities. However, despite this impressive growth, sales for organic fruits and berries range between 3 to 4% of total United States fruits and berries, implying room for future growth. (Perez et Pl, 2013) Greene wrote several articles that validates the increase demand for organics. Since 2002, when the national standards for organic production and processing was established, United States demand for organic produce has grown significantly.Show MoreRelatedEssay on Organic vs. Sustainable Agriculture1357 Words   |  6 PagesOrganic vs. Sustainable Agriculture Agriculture, to many is just an industry of farmers and cows. Most people can’t even come close to fathom just how essential the continuance of agriculture is to not just our well being, but our very lives. People of the United States have been spoiled, they’ve never had to worry about the grocery stores running empty because, even to this day, there hasn’t been a problem growing enough to feed, not only the U.S. but a good part of the world too. The day thoughRead MoreAgriculture : A Global Environmental And Humanitarian Issue1489 Words   |  6 PagesAgriculture uses the domestication and cultivation of animals, plants, fungi and other life forms to produce food, fiber, biofuel, medicinal and other products to help sustain and enhance human life. Agriculture has existed for over the last 10,000 years and is credited into propelling our civilization into the modern cultures and technologies we see today. Without the ability to store and domesticate plants and a nimals it is unlikely that we would have been able to evolve beyond our hunting andRead MoreOrganic Agriculture, As Defined By The National Organic Standards Board1163 Words   |  5 PagesOrganic Agriculture, as defined by the National Organic Standards Board (NOSB): â€Å"Is an ecological production management system that promotes and enhances biodiversity, biological cycles and soil biological activity. It is based on minimal use of off-farm inputs and on management practices that restore, maintain, and enhance ecological harmony.† Which is very fancily put for agriculture with as little man made input as possible trying to farm, as they perceive at least, the most beneficial to theRead MoreWhy Organic Farming Is Capable Of Sustaining The Global Population891 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Components 1. Discuss the â€Å"problem statement,† (what is the issue we are addressing?) - The â€Å"problem statement† to these three articles is to see if organic farming is capable of sustaining the global population by weighing the pros and cons of organic vs conventional farming. 2. Who are the authors and what are their qualifications? - First author, DiGregori has neither expertise or credential; he is a phD in Economics and does not have any experience dealing with agronomy nor didRead MoreOrganic vs. Conventional Farming: An Anthology757 Words   |  3 PagesPollan is of the idea that the use of organic farming detoxifies food and the environment. This includes using traditional food distribution methods such as free-range chicken. Horrigan, L., Lawrence, R., Walker, P. (2002). How sustainable agriculture can address the environmental and human health harms of industrial agriculture. Environmental Health Perspective . This article outlines problems that are associated with the current factory style animal agriculture. It points at ways of making the currentRead MoreSustainability Vs. Conventional Farming1299 Words   |  6 PagesWalsh states that today, Agriculture takes up one third of the planet. (Walsh) Agriculture is the science, art, or occupation concerned with cultivating land, raising crops, growing, feeding, breeding, and raising livestock. (Dictionary) According to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), when you add the word sustainable to agriculture, it means an integrated system of plant and animal production having a site-specific application. (Gold) The sales of organics are at an all time highRead MoreThe Effects Of Pesticides On Organic Farming1653 Words   |  7 Pagesfarmers noticed a decrease in soil quality and crop health due to the use of chemical fertilizers (â€Å"Pesticides in Organic†¦Ã¢â‚¬  1). This drop in soil quality left the farmers no other c hoice but to cease the use of chemical fertilizers and begin implementing less harmful supplements in order to improve crop quality (â€Å"An Oral History†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). This less invasive method of farming, otherwise known as organic farming, takes into account â€Å"the medium and long-term effect of agricultural interventions† (â€Å"What Are the Environmental†¦Ã¢â‚¬ )Read MoreApplying The Seven Keys And A Global Mindset1070 Words   |  5 Pagesadopting all practices or good ideas to the business itself (Financial Times, 2015). Company X, will become a global company, illustrating culture through our organic goods and customer service. In this section the seven keys to a global mindset will be illustrated, to ensure proper etiquette in exporting meat. The first cultural key is Egalitarianism vs. Hierarchy. Considering the Asian investors are a hierarchical audience, our company will be more formal. Company X, will wear formal business clothes andRead MoreThe Bas ic Economics of Organic versus Non-Organic Foods 666 Words   |  3 Pagesan area that has a fairly wide array of organic foods. There is a healthy mix of large supermarkets and small, independent grocers that sell organic foods. Using the Mayo Clinic as a reference, I have developed the following opinion on organic foods that takes into account the financial aspects as well as the health ramifications of eating or not eating organic foods. The basic economics of Organic versus Non-Organic foods are as follows: Non-Organic These foods are grown using fertilizersRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms Are Better Than Organic Products1229 Words   |  5 Pagesbetter than organic products. Introduction I. Attention: What you had for lunch today? The DNA of that food? That was completely altered with. II. Audience connection/credibility: You have all heard the rumors about genetically modified food you are eating. Some of you may have been so moved by them that you started eating organic. Today, I am going to tell you the truth. III. Thematic Statement: (Preview of main points) Today, I am going to explain how organic products should

Diaries Are The Autobiographies Of Our Lives - 1450 Words

Diaries are the autobiographies of our lives. They showcase our deep and genuine feelings that are otherwise meant to be confidential. I employ the diary convention with the intention to showcase the monster’s, the rhetor, authentic emotions and thoughts. With his initial entry, and his following entries, the consequences of his lack of social interaction become apparent. Initially, the rhetor establishes pathos; his writing conveyed universal feelings that the audience can sympathize with. However, as he continues on with his entries the notable shift in his tone and the actions and thoughts, he described became creepy, eerie, and diverged drastically from the social norm. Subsequently, the readers will soon lose their empathy with the†¦show more content†¦His inability to convey his interest properly, by social standards, forces the audience to reevaluate their initial thought of him, considering that he exudes a vile feeling, rather than what the audience was able to initially sympathize with. This shift in perspective represents society’s views towards people akin to the rhetor. Caused by his miscommunication the audience interprets his actions as peculiar and view it negatively. The rhetor’s unusual character is further strengthened by his abnormally intimate relationship with his mother. Diary entries are commonly addressed as, â€Å"Dear Diary,† however, his decision to initiate each entry with â€Å"Dear Momma,† depicts the personal and the close bond between the mother and her son. The rhetor’s employment of curse words throughout his entries, whilst knowing it is addressed, to his mother, symbolizes the strength and attachment evident between the two. However, his comfortable use of crass and vulgar language openly contrasts to what is perceived to be socially acceptable. According to Dr. Sylvia Rimm, in her article â€Å"‘Bad’ and Disrespectful Language,† she encourages parents to discourage the use of crude language and act on the â€Å"consequences immediately,† as soon as the deed is done. But, the lack of fear on his part displays that they are on friendlier terms compared to aShow MoreRelatedA nne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl Essays1608 Words   |  7 Pagesgirl due to the publication of her diary. Anne Frank was a liberal Jew; as for she did not follow all the traditions of Judaism. On the fourteenth of August 1944, a group of German uniformed police arrested the Frank family and was sent into The House of Detention, transitioned into the Westerbork Transit Camp and then to the Auschwitz concentration camp. In July 1945, after the Red Cross confirmed the death of the Frank sisters, Otto Frank passed Anne’s diary to historians who made continuous attemptsRead MoreAnalysis Of Kirstie Alley, An Accurate Representation Of A Memoir1015 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"How to Lose Your Ass and Regain Your Life† – Not an Autobiography, Not a Diary This paper will argue that the book â€Å"How to Lose Your Ass and Regain Your Life† written by Kirstie Alley is an accurate representation of a memoir and journal genres and not a biography literary genre. Kirstie Alley was born Kirstie Louise Alley on January 12, 2951 in Wichita, Kansas. She studied drama at Kansas State University. When she moved to California she became an interior decorator and got in with the wrongRead More Ages of Faith, Reason, and Romantics Essay880 Words   |  4 Pagescharacteristics in their subject matter and writing styles, were the Age of Faith, Age of Reason, and Age of Romantics. During the Age of Faith, the subject matter and writing styles were unusual. Puritans wrote about their religion in letters, journals, diaries, and sermons such as ?Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God? by Jonathan Edwards. In this sermon, Edwards uses ?scare-tactics? to get ?un-saved? members of his church ?saved?. Edwards, like many other Puritans, believed that ?un-saved? persons areRead MoreThey Say: Ida B. Wells and the Reconstruction of Race, by James W. Davidson. Ida B. Wells as a parallel to African Americans trying to gain empowerment in post-emancipation America1409 Words   |  6 Pagesempowerment and citizenship during post-reconstruction times. The essays, books, and newspaper articles she wrote, instigated the dialogue of race struggles between whites and blacks, while her personal narratives, including two diaries, a travel journal, and an autobiography, recorded the personal struggle of a woman to define womanhood during post-emancipation America. The novel, _THEY SA Y: IDA B. WELLS AND THE RECONSTRUCTION OF RACE_ , provides an insight into how Ida B. Wellss life paralleled thatRead MoreAdoption Are Beating The Adoption Odds By Cynthia D. Martin1035 Words   |  5 PagesMukherjee, Genome: The autobiography of a species in 23 chapters by Matt Ridley and Inheritance: How our genes change or lives – and our lives change our genes by Sharon Moalen, PhD. Mukherjee, Siddhartha. The Gene: An Intimate History. Barnes Noble. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Nov. 2016. Ridley, Matt. Genome: The Autobiography of a Species in 23 Chapters. Barnes Noble. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Nov. 2016. MD, Sharon Moalem. Inheritance: How Our Genes Change Our Lives--and Our Lives Change Our Genes. Barnes Read MoreA Dystopian Society Is An Imbalance Between The Government And The People Essay1372 Words   |  6 PagesIntroductory Paragraph with thesis Changes Adolf Hitler made Took over the government Started World War II Castigated Jews Impacts on the people Followed by Germans Conquered many countries Killed millions Genres of literature as educational tools Novel Autobiography Historical nonfiction Closing Dystopian societies are in the real world today and have been before. Many of them can vary in severity but all of them are terrible. A dystopian society is an imbalance between the government and the people andRead MoreEssay on The Innovators of American Literature1066 Words   |  5 Pagesfor a better society, and events that affected their society generate from their writings. By analyzing Jonathan Edwards Personal Narrative, Resolutions, Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God, and selections from Benjamin Franklins The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin found in The Heath Anthology of American Literature: Third Edition Volume One edited by Paul Lauter, the fundamental themes in American literature are evident and their individual ideas are distinctive. These personal narrativesRead MoreAnne Frank s Diary Of A Young Girl1919 Words   |  8 Pagesgirl due to the publication of her diary. Anne Frank was a liberal Jew; as for she did not follow all the traditions of Judaism. On the fourteenth of August 1944, a group of German uniformed police arrested the Frank family and was sent into The House of Detention, transitioned into the Westerbork Transit Camp and then to the Auschwitz concentration camp. In July 1945, after the Red Cross confirmed the death of the Frank sisters, Otto Frank passed Anne’s diary to historians who made continuous attemptsRead MoreA Diary Every Day By Anne Frank1681 Words   |  7 Pagesinnocent, loving, caring Jewish people were ruthlessly murdered during the Holocaust, yet there was little insight into exactly how these people were treated before their deaths. However, one girl, by the name of Anne Frank, wrote in her diary every day, unaware that her diary entries would solve this issue. She was bor n in the large German town of Frankfurt. Anne was an ordinary child, with dreams for her future, and friends and family who supported and loved her, unaware that she would turn out to be oneRead More Richard Rodriguezs Autobiography Hunger of Memory Essay1111 Words   |  5 PagesRichard Rodriguezs Autobiography Hunger of Memory There exists in the majority of people a schism between their public lives and their private lives. People should desire to have their public selves match their private selves as closely as possible. A rift between the two causes nothing but pain and suffering for everyone around those people and places a heavy burden on the spirit of the ones responsible. Trust and honesty are essential to our society and the truth should be complimentary

Total Quality Management Tqm - 1681 Words

Total Quality Management (TQM) The Total Quality Management is the concept of processes and integration all of functions within an organization in order to focus on quality control and also approach to long-term success to continue improvement in all aspects but not short- term goal. TQM of business plan began in 1980 in the United States. It was popular until early 1990. Nowadays, in the small business to large business, including restaurant and fast food businesses that used system quality standards to manage the organization because they believed in quality of the standard is bringing them business growth in worldwide. TQM is the most common sense (Shri Ramdeobaba Kamla Nehru Engineer College and National Institute of industrial†¦show more content†¦A market leading business such as McDonald’s, Starbucks, Pizza Hut or KFC cooperation is the world’s largest chain of franchise companies. They are successful strategy of selling product in high quality, cheaper and quickly process on sales (Chang Kleiner, 2008, pp.107-109). Another key of TQM indicate to 5S Method that the tools for helping analysis of process running on the work place. It will be creation and maintaining well organization, clear and high quality. The companies created a specialty sales group to manage this operation. The implement of total quality management is related to franchise and supplier that can be for the top leader in the food and beverage industry (Chang Kleiner, 2008, pp.107-109). Everyone has had experience with poor quality that makes impact to customers. So the successful companies understand impact of customer defined quality can have on business. For this reason they firms continually increased their quality standard and integrated effort designed to improve quality performance. One of the more common implement for improving a process to manage variation in total quality management (TQM) that indicated to Quality Circle (QC) is the employee participle method. QC focuses on companies in improvement that involves to all employee aspects of the companies. Employees are focused on customers to find solutions to manage the problem and management approach to long-term success for the customer

Challenges Faced by Trade Unions free essay sample

â€Å"Black labour unions in south Africa are of great value to policy makers who recognize that the industrial work force has often served as a catalyst for political progress and social change in the developing world. It was not uncommon for leaders of the independence movements to have come out of the ranks of organized labor, the trade unions were training grounds and early vehicles of political expression as they were often the only form of organized activity permitted by the colonial authorities. . (Freeman Bendahmane 1978, p. 1) INTRODUCTION The South African history is one that has had a dramatic influence on all its citizens, socially, politically and economically. The difficulties faced by south Africans during oppression and the apartheid era have made south Africans the way they are today in terms of knowing their rights and how to fight for such rights. There were massive political movements that were formed by activists who wanted to fight for the rights of all black workers within the labor market. The trade unions played an important role towards the development of new legislation laws that favored not only the white population but also the blacks Indians and colored’s . The South African economy was weakened by punishment, and sheltered by the apartheid governments protectionist policies. This has created certain challenges for organized labour. On one hand, the South African trade union movement maintained a significant following and organizational continuity in recent years combined with union decline, and enjoys an unique degree of political influence on account of its alliance with the ruling African National Congress (ANC). On the other hand, it has had to battle with a decreasing combination of possible employers as a result of increasing retrenchments and restructuring, particularly in fundamental areas of the economy such as the metal and mining industries. he challenge is to retain the integrity of a union voice whilst continuing to compromise where necessary with both state and capital. A: Unions/labour legislation. Apart from crime and the issue of education and training, in my view the single most important immediate reason for increasing unemployment is the set of interlocking labour laws that have been introduced in recent years, together with the militant behaviour of the trade unions. Because of the Labour Relations Act, The Basic Conditions of Employment Act, and the Employment Equity Act, employers cannot employ the best person for the job without potential interference of a government officials, and – most importantly – cannot get rid of people who are not turning up for work, are performing badly, are stealing, or are undermining the functioning of the organisation in other ways, without a costly, time consuming, and very aggravating process often involving labour lawyers, labour courts, and arbitration. The Minister of Labour claims that such interference in the employment process and the resulting `labour market inflexibility’ has not been proved to be a significant factor in increasing unemployment. I can only assume he has not adequately talked to the people who create employment, and in particular those who have decided not to do so in view of the onerous burdens placed on anyone wishing to create employment – and is for example ignoring the fact that the Government itself has asked to be exempted from the provisions of the Basic Conditions of Employment Act (see Business Report, Friday May 5th, 2000) because of the way they inhibit getting the job done. The phrase `labour market inflexibility’ does not begin to describe the aggravation of being treated as a criminal by a labour lawyer when one has not fulfilled the law to the letter, in the case of an employee who is drunk on the job and should face immediate dismissal for dereliction of duty . The entrepreneur trying to run a profitable business can find himself or herself spending many days and indeed in some cases months involved with labour courts and arguing the toss with people who simply do not do the work for which they are paid; apart from the aggravation and effort involved, this causes major loss of valuable time, preventing one from getting on with the real job at hand. The outcome is inevitable: a choice to replace labour by mechanisation wherever possible. There is an iron-clad law involved: the more difficult it is to dismiss someone who is not doing the work they are paid to do, the less likely one is to employ anyone at all if there is any alternative route open. For example, a local entrepreneur was setting up a company to manufacture paper plates, and had the choice of employing 20 people in a low-tech but satisfactory approach, or investing R1. 25m on a high-tech machine from Taiwan that would carry out the task, in this case employing only two people. In view of the above factors, he chose the latter route. Why then have these laws been introduced? A likely suggestion is that the Department of Labour is dominated by ex-trade unionists who have never created a job in their lives and so have not had to face the risks entrepreneurs take in so doing, but now largely control the shape of these labour laws. Now there certainly is a need for laws to protect workers from major exploitation, but the laws we now have in place are not those laws. They would be very suitable for a rich country like Switzerland or Sweden with a highly trained, disciplined, and highly motivated labour force – but that is precisely what we do not have, in the main. The essence of the current situation is that under pressure from the trade unions, the Government, through the Department of Labour, is providing an ever more privileged situation for the employed, at the expense of the unemployed. The Trade Unions themselves are acting strongly for the benefit of their own members alone, who are the labour aristocracy precisely because they are employed. The union’s professed concern for the unemployed rings very hollow when one understands the impact of the laws they have been instrumental in shaping it is the unemployed who bear the major cost of these laws, through the diminished possibility of their obtaining employment . Last year the Trade Unions engaged in `rolling mass action’ involving a series of strikes and public demonstrations to protest unemployment – while at the same time lobbying for even more onerous conditions to be put in place to block the dismissal of unproductive employees. This activity is truly ironic – apart from the immediate effects of such strikes, inevitably leading to job losses due to lost . The government is aware that something needs to be done to break the stranglehold of these labour laws on entrepreneurial enterprises, but has not showed the resolution needed to get it done. Until they do, it is a safe bet that unemployment will continue to increase . The recently proposed changes to labour law make a marginal improvement in some areas, but these are balanced by negatives in other areas – they certainly are not the clear hange that could turn unemployment issue around. The situation is clearly stated in a quote from the Malamulela Social Movement for the Unemployed: â€Å"We know from experience in trying to find jobs for the unemployed that the sector most likely to offer employment to the poor and unskilled, small and medium enterprises, is constrained by that sector’s struggling efforts to comply with our current l abour legislation. We have for long suggested that the best way to remedy this is by allowing workers and employers in that sector to enter into voluntary agreements that are exempted from the onerous provisions of the labour legislation, and that take the interests of the worker and the small enterprise into account† (P C Mashego, Business Day 2001-02-21, page 14). This view is supported by a highly pertinent quote from an employer in response to the presently announced changes: â€Å"My husband and I started our business 10 years ago and today employ about 80 people. We were full of enthusiasm and employed only unemployed people where possible, training them on the job. Sure they may have started on a low salary but if they were hard working and willing they were soon rewarded. If not, they were out. Today I hate coming to work. All we want to do is sell our business and start something that does not require labour. We fall under a bargaining council so wages, increases, hours, etc. are dictated to us and are non-negotiable. I spend much time on disciplinary action paperwork and stressing to managers that paperwork must be done. †¦ Staff generally are aware of all their rights, but have no concept of the word obligation. They are convinced ?